CRUCIFIXION
The universal symbol of Christianity is the cross, in the form resembling the lower-case letter 't'. This form -- an upright post with a crossbeam affixed a short distance below the top -- was one of several types of 'crosses' used in ancient executions; others resembled the upper-case letters 'I', 'X' and 'T'.
Interest in and controversies about the physical wounds and death of Christ have lead archeologists, physicians and historians to produce a considerable body of writings on the subject of crucifixion.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Edwards, William D, et al. "On the physical death of Jesus Christ".
JAMA, March 21, 1986, pp. 1455-1463.
- "New analysis of the crucified man". Biblical Archaeology Review,
November/December 1985, pp. 20-21.
- Tzaferis, Vassilios. "Crucifixion -- The Archaeological evidence".
Biblical Archaeology Review, January/February 1985, pp. 44-53.
- "The crucified man from Giv'at ha-Mitvar: a reappraisal". Israel
Exploration Journal, 1985, no. 1, pp 22-27.
- Lumpkin, R. "The physical suffering of Christ". Journal of the
Medical Associaltion of Alabama, 1978, no. 47, pp 8-10, 47.
- Hengel, M. Crucifixion in the ancient world and the folly of the
message of the cross. Fortress Press, 1977.
- Barb, A. A. "The wound in Christ's side". Journal of the Warburg
Courtauld Institute, 1971, no. 70, pp. 320-321.
- Mikulicz-Radeki, F. V. "The chest wound in the crucified Christ".
Medical News, 1966, no. 14, pp. 30-40.
- Davis, C. T. "The crucifixion of Jesus: the passion of Christ from
a medical point of view". Arizona Medicine, 1965, no. 22, pp.
183-187.
- Tenney, S. M. "On death by crucifixion". American Heart Journal,
1964, no 68, pp. 286-287.
- Bloomquist, E. R. "A doctor looks at crucifixion". Christian Herald,
March 1964, pp. 35, 46-48.
- DePasquale, N. P. "Death by crucifixion". American Heart Journal,
1963, no. 66, pp. 434-435.
- Barbet, P. A doctor at calvary: the passion of our lord Jesus Christ
as described by a surgeon. Doubleday Image Books, 1953.
- Primrose, W. B. "A surgeon looks at crucifixion". Hibbert Journal,
1949, pp. 382-388.
- Whitaker, J. R. "The physical cause of the death of our lord". Catholic
Manchester Guardian, 1937, no. 15, pp. 83-91.
- Cooper, H. C. "The agony of death by crucifixion". New York Medical
Journal, 1883, no. 38, pp. 150-153.
- Stroud, L.I. Treatise on the physical cause of the death of Christ and its relation to the principles and practice of Christianity. Hamilton and Adams, 1871.
LINKS
- Medical Aspects of the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ
http://new-life.net/crucify1.htm
- The Ancient Practice of Crucifixion
http://www.mormons.org/daily/holidays/easter/e_july75_anderson_ancient.htm
- The Legal and Medical Aspects of the Trial and Death of Christ
http://www.west.net/~shroud/bucklin2.htm
- Crucifixion in antiquity
http://www.uncc.edu/jdtabor/crucifixion.html
- The Health of Christ in His Last Hours
http://www.ldolphin.org/kwells9.html
- Forensic Pathology Report on Jesus
http://www.godonthe.net/evidence/forensic.htm
- A Physician Analyzes the Crucifixion
http://www.evangelicaloutreach.org/crucifix.htm
- On the Physical Death of Jesus Christ
http://www.godandscience.org/apologetics/deathjesus.pdf
The preceding information was derived
from the backfiles of the San Joaquin Valley Information Service.
We hope you will find it useful, both as an introduction and as
a guide for further study.
Please consult with your local
public library about obtaining copies of the works cited.
Revised 11/2000 DJD